Indent text in Cells:

To indent text in cells, for example, for a list of expenses under each department:

1. Select the list of expenses below each division, for example, select cells A2:A6 (a group of expenses for Department 1).

2. Click the Increase Indent icon on the Formatting toolbar several times, until you reach the desired indentation.

Groupthink:

Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. Individual creativity, uniqueness, and independent thinking are lost in the pursuit of group cohesiveness, as are the advantages of reasonable balance in choice and thought that might normally be obtained by making decisions as a group. During groupthink, members of the group avoid promoting viewpoints outside the comfort zone of consensus thinking. A variety of motives for this may exist such as a desire to avoid being seen as foolish, or a desire to avoid embarrassing or angering other members of the group. Groupthink may cause groups to make hasty, irrational decisions, where individual doubts are set aside, for fear of upsetting the group’s balance. The term is frequently used pejoratively, with hindsight.

Product Liability:

A legal term in tort law that means consumers can sue manufacturers, distributors or retailers for defective or unsafe products.

Perpetual Inventory:

A system that maintains an expected inventory level within a store that reflects all physical product movement sales, deliveries, credits, etc. is called Perpetual Inventory.
In business and accounting/accountancy, perpetual inventory or continuous inventory describes systems of inventory where information on inventory quantity and availability is updated on a continuous basis as a function of doing business. Generally this is accomplished by connecting the inventory system with order entry and in retail the point of sale system. In this case, book inventory would be exactly the same as, or almost the same, as the real inventory.
In earlier periods, non-continuous or periodic inventory systems were more prevalent. Starting in the 1970's digital computers made possible the ability to implement a perpetual inventory system. This has been facilitated by bar coding and lately radio frequency identification (RFID) labeling which allows computer systems to quickly read and process inventory information as part of transaction processing.

Failure Mode Analysis (FMA):

A procedure to determine which malfunction symptoms appear immediately before or after a failure of a critical parameter in a system is called Failure Mode analysis. After all possible causes are listed for each symptom; the product is designed to eliminate the problems.

Create a Pivot Table:

1. Select any cell in the source data, and press Ctrl+Shift+* (in Excel 2003, press this or Ctrl+A).
2. Press Ctrl+F3, and then type the defined Name for the source data.
3. From the Data menu, select PivotTable and PivotChart Report.
4. In Step 1 of 3, select Microsoft Excel list or database, and then click Next. In Step 2 of 3, in the Range box, press F3 to open the Paste Name dialog box, and paste the Name of the source data as defined in step 2.
5. Click Next.
6. In Step 3 of 3, click Layout (in Excel 97, go to step 8).
7. In Excel 2002 and Excel 2003, you can skip this step. Instead, click Finish in Step 2 of 3 and then create the PivotTable report by dragging the fields from the Pivot Table Field List dialog box to the PivotTable report.
8. In the Layout dialog box, drag the Data Fields to the white Data area, and drag all other fields to the white Page area (except fields that are not going to be used in the PivotTable report), and then click OK.
9. In Step 3 of 3, click Finish. The PivotTable report is created.
10. Drag Data (in cell A5 in the screenshot) to the right of the PivotTable report to change the layout from horizontal to vertical.
11. The PivotTable report is now ready to be used. For more details on how to use the PivotTable report properly, see the other tips in this category.

Operating Statement:

An accounting statement that itemizes revenues, expenses and profits of a department, store, division, company or other business unit is called Operating Statement. It is also referred to as a P&L statement or income statement.

Difference between College and University:

One of the first meanings of college was 'a society of scholars incorporated within, or in connection with, a university, or otherwise formed for purposes of study or instruction'. That definition shows that historically college was subordinate to university. From the fact that in some universities only a single college was founded or has survived, in which case the university and college became co-extensive, the name has come, as in Scotland and the United States, to be interchangeable with university as 'a college with university functions'. In the US, college has been the general term, and is still usually applied to a small university or degree-granting educational institution having a single curriculum of study. The name university is given mainly to larger institutions which are divided into various faculties and which more resemble the universities of Europe.

Moving Folders:

Say you have Folder 1, Folder 2, and Folder 3. You want to move Folder 3 into Folder 2 (making it a sub-folder), but when you right-click on Folder 3 you notice there are commands for Remove, Rename, and Designer, but not Move.



Here is what you do...

With Folder 3 open, you can choose Actions - Folder Options - Move... from the Notes menus



Which then brings up a dialog box allowing you to choose where to move the folder.



Now of course this could just be done using drag and drop if you would like.

Eight Wastes:

Taiichi Ohno originally enumerated seven wastes (muda) and later added underutilized people as the eighth waste commonly found in physical production.
The eight are:
1. Overproduction ahead of demand;
2. Waiting for the next process, worker, material or equipment;
3. Unnecessary transport of materials (for example, between functional areas of facilities, or to or from a stockroom or warehouse);
4. Over-processing of parts due to poor tool and product design;
5. Inventories more than the absolute minimum;
6. Unnecessary movement by employees during the course of their work (such as to look for parts, tools, prints or help);
7. Production of defective parts;
8. Under-utilization of employees’ brainpower, skills, experience and talents.

Methods and Types of Electronic Payments:

An electronic payment is any kind of non-cash payment that doesn't involve a paper check. Methods of electronic payments include credit cards, debit cards and the ACH (Automated Clearing House) network. The ACH system comprises direct deposit, direct debit and electronic checks (e-checks).

For all these methods of electronic payment, there are three main types of transactions:
• A one-time customer-to-vendor payment is commonly used when you shop online at an e-commmerce site, such as Amazon. You click on the shopping cart icon, type in your credit card information and click on the checkout button. The site processes your credit card information and sends you an e-mail notifiying you that your payment was received. On some Web sites, you can use an e-check instead of a credit card. To pay by e-check, you type in your account number and your bank's routing number. The vendor authorizes payment through the customer's bank, which then either initiates an electronic funds transfer (EFT) or prints a check and mails it to the vendor.
• You make a recurring customer-to-vendor payment when you pay a bill through a regularly scheduled direct debit from your checking account or an automatic charge to your credit card. This type of payment plan is commonly offered by car insurance companies, phone companies and loan management companies. Some long-term contracts (like those at gyms or fitness centers) require this type of automated payment schedule.
• To use automatic bank-to-vendor payment, your bank must offer a service called online bill pay. You log on to your bank's Web site, enter the vendor's information and authorize your bank to electronically transfer money from your account to pay your bill. In most cases, you can choose whether to do this manually for each billing cycle or have your bills automatically paid on the same day each month.